What Is an Energy Performance Certificate?
The Energy Performance Certificate is an official document that classifies a building or apartment into one of several energy categories, ranging from A+ (very efficient) to H (low efficiency). This classification is based on the building’s annual energy consumption, including heating, cooling, lighting, and hot water usage.
An EPC is not merely a bureaucratic requirement — it is a crucial tool for assessing a building’s energy performance. It provides detailed, evidence-based information along with targeted recommendations for improvements that can reduce both energy consumption and operating costs.
When Is an EPC Required?
According to Greek law (Law 4122/2013 and its amendments), an EPC is mandatory in the following cases:
New buildings – For all new constructions or major renovations.
Sales and rentals – Required for every transaction involving the sale or new lease of a residential or commercial property, or an entire building.
Subsidy programs – For participation in energy upgrade programs, an EPC is needed both before and after the intervention.
Commercial premises – In publicly accessible buildings over 500 m², the EPC must be displayed in a visible location.
Failure to have a valid EPC, or issuing one incorrectly, can result in fines ranging from €1,000 to €10,000.
Who Issues It and What Is the Process?
An EPC can only be issued by a certified energy inspector accredited by the Ministry of Environment. The process includes:
On-site inspection – The inspector visits the property and collects data (floor area, type of windows, insulation, heating systems, etc.).
Software analysis – Specialized software is used to calculate energy losses and consumption.
Certificate issuance – The document is issued electronically and is valid for 10 years.
Why Is the EPC Important?
In today’s era of energy uncertainty, understanding how much energy a building consumes is more important than ever. The EPC promotes transparency and enables smarter, more economical, and environmentally responsible decisions.
The EPC offers an objective and comparable measurement of a building’s energy performance. It helps prospective buyers and tenants compare seemingly similar properties, highlights differences in operating costs, supports long-term cost forecasting, and ensures compliance with minimum efficiency standards.
The EPC includes proposals for upgrades such as energy-efficient windows, thermal insulation, and replacement of heating or cooling systems. These improvements reduce energy expenses, are often eligible for subsidies through programs like “Exoikonomo,” and enhance both comfort and long-term durability.
Energy efficiency directly affects a property’s market value. Properties with high energy ratings (A or B) are in higher demand, sell or rent more quickly, and appeal to buyers seeking modern and sustainable homes. At the same time, it strengthens the image of the owner or developer as responsible and environmentally conscious.
Having a valid EPC is a legal requirement for any sale, rental, or energy-related subsidy application. Not having one may cause delays or cancellations of notarial transactions, fines, or loss of access to financial tools and incentives. Timely issuance ensures legal security and uninterrupted property utilization.
In Conclusion
The Energy Performance Certificate is not just a legal formality — it’s a valuable asset for every property owner. It enhances transparency in the real estate market, supports smarter decisions by buyers and tenants, and serves as a starting point for meaningful energy-saving upgrades.
Investing in a reliable and valid EPC means investing in sustainability, financial performance, and the long-term value of your property.
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