The construction of a building is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful planning, coordination, and collaboration among various professionals. From obtaining the building permit to the final delivery, each stage holds its own importance and plays a crucial role in the successful completion of the project. The guide below outlines each of the key steps in detail, aiming to provide a clear understanding of the overall process and highlight the critical points that require special attention.
1. Preparation & building permit issuance
This is the first and decisive phase of any construction project, typically lasting from 1 to 3 months. During this stage, the necessary architectural and structural studies are carried out, along with soil investigations, topographic surveys, and urban planning inspections. Once all required documents and plans are compiled, the complete file is submitted to the competent urban planning authority for approval. The final issuance of the building permit largely depends on the completeness of the studies and the efficiency of public services.
2. Earthworks & foundation
This stage involves excavation and site preparation. At the same time, necessary drainage infrastructure is installed to ensure proper water management around the building. The foundation is constructed using reinforced concrete, forming the structural base that supports the stability and durability of the building. The accurate execution of earthworks and foundation is crucial for the safety and longevity of the structure.
3. Load-bearing structure – the building’s framework
The load-bearing structure forms the “skeleton” of the building and includes the construction of columns, slabs, and beams using reinforced concrete, as well as the masonry work that shapes the interior spaces. Additionally, shafts for staircases and elevators are built. During this phase, regular inspections and quality checks are conducted, as it is critical for the structural integrity and safety of the building. Proper implementation ensures the long-term performance and resilience of the project.
4. Electromechanical installations
This stage includes all electrical works such as the installation of cables, panels, and switches, as well as plumbing installations for water supply and drainage. In parallel, heating, cooling, and ventilation systems are installed, all of which are essential for comfort and energy efficiency. These tasks are usually carried out alongside plastering works and require specialized crews to ensure correct operation and compliance with regulations.
5. Completion of building works
This phase includes plastering of walls (interior and exterior), installation of tiles, flooring, and marble elements, as well as fitting of doors and windows. Additionally, thermal and waterproof insulation is applied to protect the structure from weather conditions and improve its energy performance. Finally, painting and finishing works are carried out, completing the building envelope aesthetically.
6. Final works & handover
In the final stage, interior fittings such as kitchen units, bathrooms, and wardrobes are installed. A thorough inspection of all systems and functions is carried out, followed by site cleaning in preparation for the final delivery. The building undergoes an energy audit, and the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is issued. The project is handed over to the client, accompanied by a full demonstration, signing of the delivery protocol, and transfer of warranties.
Constructing a building is a highly detailed process that demands meticulous planning, organization, and adherence to timelines at every stage — from the permit phase to final delivery. Each step, from earthworks and foundation to the completion of electromechanical systems and finishing works, plays a critical role in the quality and safety of the final product.
The overall project duration varies depending on the type and size of the building, weather conditions, availability of crews and materials, and any bureaucratic delays or changes that may arise during the process. Effective management and coordination of these factors are essential to ensuring high-quality results, safety, and client satisfaction.
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