In recent years, the European construction market has been undergoing a period of radical transformation, with new technologies and materials promising sustainability, speed, and efficiency. One of the most prominent examples is CLT (Cross Laminated Timber), which has already been established in countries such as Austria, Germany, Sweden, and Norway. But what exactly is CLT, why has it become such a strong trend across Europe, and most importantly can it be applied in Greece?
What is CLT?
CLT is an engineered wood product composed of layers of boards arranged crosswise and bonded under pressure. This cross-laminated configuration offers exceptional mechanical strength, stability, and durability, making the material ideal for large-scale construction projects. In essence, CLT functions as the “concrete of wood,” as it can be used in walls, floors, ceilings, and even multi-storey buildings.
Why has it become a trend in Europe?
The shift towards CLT in Europe is no coincidence. Several factors explain its rapid rise in popularity:
CLT is a renewable material with a low carbon footprint. Unlike concrete and steel, which require energy-intensive production processes, wood sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing overall emissions.
CLT elements are manufactured with high precision in factories (prefabrication) and delivered ready for installation on-site. This reduces construction time by up to 40% compared to traditional methods.
Despite the myth that wood “burns easily,” large CLT panels have high fire resistance, as they form an outer char layer that delays fire spread. Moreover, their light weight and flexibility make them particularly safe in seismic zones.
Architects favor CLT for its design versatility, natural aesthetics, and ability to combine seamlessly with other materials such as glass and steel.
Examples from Europe
In Vienna, the HoHo Wien was built, one of the tallest wooden towers worldwide, standing at 84 meters high, constructed primarily from CLT, and serving as an international benchmark for sustainable urban development. In London, Dalston Works stands as the largest residential complex built entirely with CLT, comprising 121 apartments and proving that mass timber can meet the housing demands of densely populated metropolitan areas.
At the same time, more and more countries are investing in public buildings, such as schools, libraries, and hospitals, constructed with CLT, further confirming the confidence placed in the material and its long-term potential.
Can it be applied in Greece?
Greece has particular characteristics that determine the adoption of new construction methods. The application of CLT in the country is certainly feasible, though it requires specific adjustments:
One of CLT’s major advantages is its light weight and flexibility. Compared to heavy concrete, wooden buildings are subject to lower seismic forces, which could be particularly beneficial for Greece.
The Greek climate, with its humidity and heat, requires careful planning for wood protection (proper insulation, ventilation, and the use of suitable coatings and surface treatments).
Greece currently lacks large-scale CLT production facilities, meaning reliance on imports. This increases costs, though future domestic production could utilize local timber resources.
The regulatory framework in Greece is oriented mainly toward concrete construction. For CLT to be widely adopted, updated codes, certifications, and specialized training for engineers are necessary.
While initial costs may appear higher due to imports, in the long run CLT offers savings thanks to faster construction and improved energy efficiency.
The future of CLT in Greece
With the shift toward green development and the increasingly strict European standards for construction, it is almost certain that CLT will gain ground in Greece. Pilot projects already exist in smaller residences and tourist accommodations, while European experience demonstrates that concerns around durability and fire safety are manageable.
Adopting CLT could bring significant benefits: more eco-friendly buildings, faster project delivery, and a new architectural landscape that combines Greek identity with modern design trends.
Conclusion
CLT is already a proven solution in Europe and has the potential to radically transform the way we perceive construction. For Greece, it represents a major opportunity that combines sustainability, safety, and aesthetics, provided the right institutional, technical, and industrial framework is established.
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